The role of viruses in the development of autoimmune diseases
Authors:
R. Moravcová
Authors‘ workplace:
Revmatologický ústav Praha
Published in:
Čes. Revmatol., 28, 2020, No. 3, p. 160-168.
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Autoimmune diseases affect an increasing percentage of our population and are the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Currently, more than 80 identified autoimmune diseases are known, which represent a significant clinical problem due to their chronicity, which requires long-term and often lifelong therapy. Current therapies seek to suppress the symptoms of these diseases but have difficulty targeting the true causes of these diseases and addressing them effectively and without further side effects. At the same time, the identification of the trigger of the autoimmune disease and its removal could ensure the cure of the patient. The problem is that the exact etiology of most autoimmune diseases is not fully known. However, in addition to the genetic profile, the lifestyle of an individual with environmental triggers, such as bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections, are probably involved. And it is the viruses that have been shown to influence the development of the clinical picture of a number of autoimmune diseases, whether rheumatological, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and many others, as well as non-rheumatic conditions including type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. Viral infections elicit a strong immune response, which is necessary to suppress the infection. However, in some cases, failure to regulate this immune response can lead to deleterious immune responses directed against host antigens. This article focuses on the role of the most common and well-known viruses and the mechanism by which they interact with the infected host's immune system, eliciting inflammatory responses that potentially lead to the development or exacerbation of rheumatic autoimmune diseases.
Keywords:
autoimmunity – autoimmune diseases – viruses – viral infection
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Czech Rheumatology
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