A Historical Review of Development of the Concept of Congruence
Authors:
H. Smitková
Authors‘ workplace:
Katedra psychológie Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava
Published in:
Čes. a slov. Psychiat., 104, 2008, No. 3, pp. 120-125.
Category:
Comprehensive Reports
Overview
The article describes the development of the concept of congruence, one of the core conditions for personality change in the context of person-centered approach. The therapists attitudes were rather impersonal at the beginning of formulating the theory of the approach, later through congruence he/she could be fully present as a person in the relationship with the client and congruence became the most important relational condition. Commentary explores congruence in the review of central Roger´s writings and shows the possible aspects to study in connection with other significant concepts.
Key words :
person-centered approach, Roger’s approach, congruence, psychotherapy, therapist’s being.
Sources
1. Adams, K.: The effects of therapists´ experiential focus (Doctoral dissertation, York University, Toronto, Ontario). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1999. In: Hendricks, M. N.: Focusing Oriented/Experiential Psychotherapy. Podľa: Cain, D. J., Seeman, J.(Eds.): Humanistic psychoterapies: handbook of research and practise. Washington: APA, 2002, pp. 531-554. ISBN 1-55798-787-4.
2. Baldwin, M.: Interview with Carl Rogers on use of the self in therapy. In: M. Baldwin and V. Satir (Eds.): The use of self in therapy. New York: The Haworth Press, pp. 45-52. Podľa: Bozarth, J.: Person-Centred Therapy: A Revolutionary Paradigm. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 1998. ISBN 1 898059 22 5.
3. Barrett-Lennard, G. T.: Carl Rogers Helping System. Journey & Substance. London, Sage Publ. Ltd. 1998. ISBN 0 7619 5677 8.
4. Bozarth, J.: Coterminous interminling of doing nad being in Person-Centered Therapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 1, 1992, (1), pp. 33-39.
5. Bozarth, J.: Person-Centered Therapy: A Revolutionary Paradigm. PCCS Books: Ross-on-Wye, 1998. ISBN 1 898059 22 5.
6. Brodley, B.: On congruence. Prednáška na Illinois School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, 1995 (nepublikovný rukopis od autorky).
7. Brodley, B.: Personal presence in client-centered therapy. Príspevok na konferencii Kvalita terapeutovej prítomnosti, Bratislava, 1999a.
8. Brodley, B.: Perspectives on mysticism and spirituality. Príspevok na konferencii: Kvalita terapeutovej prítomnosti, Bratislava, 1999b.
9. Brodley, B., Brody, A.: Understanding Client-Centred Therapy through interviews conducted by Carl Rogers. Paper presented for the panel Fifty Years of Client-Centred Therapy: Recent Research, at American Psychological Association annual meeting in Boston, Ma., USA. Podľa: Hutterer, R., et al. (Eds): Client-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy. A Paradigm in Motion. Franfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996. ISBN 3-631-48137-3.
10. Cook, P.: To what extent is Roger´s concept of congruence an adequate theoretical basis for a person centered approach in the new millenium ? University of Durham, /s.a/.
11. Dos Santos, A. M.: Miracle moments – the nodal points of presence. Príspevok na konferencii: Kvalita terapeutovej prítomnosti, Bratislava, 1999.
12. Geller, S. H., Greenberg, L. S.: Therapist experience of presence in the psychotherapy encounter. sgeller@yorku.ca, 31. 8. 2002.
13. Grafanaki, S.: What Counselling Research has Taught us about the Concept of Congruence: Main Discoveries and Unresolved Issues. In: Wyatt, G. (Ed.): Roger´s Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practise. Volume 1: Congruence. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 2001, pp. 18-36. ISBN 1 898059 29 2.
14. Haugh, S.: Confusion of language. In: Person – Centered Practise, 6, 1998a, 1, pp. 44-50.
15. Haugh, S.: An exploration of the concept of congruence in person-entred Theory. A Dissertation in Partial Fulfilment of the MA in Psychotherapy and Counselling at Regent´s College of Psychotherapy and Counselling. 1998b.
16. Hendricks, M. N.: Focusing oriented/experiential psychotherapy. Podľa: Cain, D. J.,Seeman, J. /Eds./: Humanistic psychotherapies: handbook of research and practise. Washington: APA, 2002, pp. 37-69. ISBN 1-55798-787-4.
17. Rogers, C.: Nevyhnutné a postačujúce podmienky terapeutickej osobnostnej zmeny, 1957. In: Kirschenbaum, H., Hendersson, V. /Eds./: Čítanka C. Rogersa. Nepublikovaný preklad (Hlavenka, V.), 1995.
18. Klein, M. et al: Conruence. In: Norcross, J.: Psychotherapy: Relatioship that work. London: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-514346-9.
19. Lietaer, G.: Autenticity, congruence and transparency. In: Brazier, D. (Ed.): Beyond Carl Rogers. London: Constable, 1993, pp. 17-47. ISBN 0 09 472610 8.
20. Mearns, D.: Working at relational depth with clients in person-centered Therapy. Counselling-November, 1996, pp.306-311.
21. Mearns, D.: Developing person-centered counseling (Second Edition). London: Sage Publications Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0 7619 4969 0.
22. Merry, T.: An analysis of ten demonstrative interviews by Carl Rogers: Implications for the training of client-centered counsellors. In: Hutterer, R. et al. (Eds.): Client-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy. A Paradigm in Motion. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996. ISBN 3-631-48137-3.
23. Merry, T.: Naučte sa byť poradcom. Poradenstvo zamerané na človeka. Bratislava: IKAR, a.s., 2004. ISBN 80-5510c768-8.
24. Natiello, P.: Therapist authenticity and connectedness. Keys to Healing Relationship /s.a/
25. Rank, O.: Neurosis as a failure in creativity. In: Kramer, R.(Ed.) A Psychology of Difference. The American Lectures: Otto Rank. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1996 in Reade, M., Smouse, A.: Effect of Inconsistent Nonverbal Communication and Counsellor Response Mode on Client Estimate of Counsellor Regard and Effectiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 1980, 4, pp. 546-553. Podľa: Wyatt, G. (Ed.): Roger´s Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practise. Vol 1: Congruence. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 2001. ISBN 1 898059 29 2.
26. Rogers, C.: The clinical treatment of the problem child. Boston, Houghton and Mifflin, 1939.
27. Rogers, C.: Client-centered therapy. 12. vydanie. Melksham: Redwood Press Ltd., 1992. ISBN 0 09 453990 1.
28. Rogers, C.: Ako byť sám sebou. Bratislava, IRIS, 1995. ISBN 80-88778-02-6.
29. Rogers, C.: Teória terapie, osobnosti a interpersonálnych vzťahov vytvorená v rámci prístupu zameraného na klienta. In: Koch, E. (Ed.): Psychology: A Study of Science. Study I. Conceptual and Systematic. Volume 3, Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959, pp. 184-256. Nepublikovaný preklad Hlavenka, V., Valkovič, I., /s.a./.
30. Rogers, C., Sanford, R. C.: Client-centered psychotherapy. In: Kaplan, I. et al (Eds.): Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, IV. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1984, pp. 1374-1388. Podľa: Wyatt, G. The Multifaceted Nature of Congruence Within the Therapeutic Relationship. In: Roger´s Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practise. Volume 1, Congruence. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 2001. ISBN 1 898059 29 2.
31. Smitková, H.: Analýza verbálnej komunikácie kongruencie. Dizertačná práca. Bratislava, FFUK, 2003.
32. Speierer, G.-W.: Das Differencielle Inkongruenzmodell. DIM, 2.Auflage, 2005, Regensburg. ISBN 389334 2672.
33. Thorne, B.: Congruence: the cost of transparency. Client Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy: Marques-Teixeira, Antunes, S. (Eds.), 2000. ISBN 972-8652-01-1.
34. Vymětal, J.: Rogersovská psychoterapie. Praha: Český spisovatel, 1996. ISBN 80-202-0605-1.
35. Vymétal, J.: Úvod do psychoterapie. 2.aktualizované vydanie Praha, Grada, 2003. ISBN 80-247-0253-3.
36. Wilkins, P.: Person-centered therapy in focus. London: Sage Publ.Ltd., 2003: ISBN 0 7619 6486 X.
37. Wyatt, G.: The multifaceted nature of conguence within the therapeutic relationship. Podľa: Wyatt, G. (Ed.): Roger´s Therapeutic Conditions: Evolution, Theory and Practise. Volume ,: Congruence. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books, 2001, pp. 79-96. ISBN 898059 28 2.
Labels
Addictology Paediatric psychiatry PsychiatryArticle was published in
Czech and Slovak Psychiatry
2008 Issue 3
Most read in this issue
- The Val158Met Polymorphism of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene and Psychotic Symptoms in Methamphetamine Dependence
- A Historical Review of Development of the Concept of Congruence
- Color Vision Deficiency in Alcoholics and its Relationship with the BDNF Polymorphism