Adult Age Sleep Apnoea

Czech version

Authors: K. Šonka ¹; J. Slonková ²
Authors‘ workplace: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, Neurologická klinika ¹; Neurologická klinika FN Ostrava ²
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2008; 71/104(6): 643-656
Category: Minimonography

Poděkování: Minimonografi e vznikla s podporo u VZ MŠMT 0021620816.

Overview

Sleep apnoea is characterised by repeated episodes of interrupted/limited breathing during sleep. Such episodes are either caused by an obstruction in the upper respiratory ways and/or a disorder of the control of breathing during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in the adult age is a frequent disease with a prevalence of 2 to 4 %. It is associated with significant cardiovascular comorbidity (hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular events – CVE), with metabolic syndrome, and also with a higher rate of occurrence of epileptic manifestations. OSA reduces life expectancy. The negative impact of OSA and its symptoms can be eliminated by effective treatment, especially by Constant Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Central sleep apnoea (CSA) including Cheyne Stokes’ respiration rarely occurs as an isolated condition and is often accompanied by heart failure, CMP and kidney failure and worsens the prognosis. The treatment of CSA not only brings improved signs of sleep apnoea, but has a positive effect on the underlying disease. This monograph presents an overview of the basics of OSA and CSA pathophysiology, their diagnosis, comorbidities and treatment options.

Key words:
sleep related breathing disorders obstructive sleep apnoea – central sleep apnoea – polysomnography – constant positive airway pressure – comorbidity

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