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proLékaře.cz / Journals / Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology / 2023 - 3

Extracelulární vezikuly v infekčním lékařství – význam a perspektivy

Czech version

Authors: D. Vydrář;  S. Snopková;  P. Husa
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika infekčních chorob Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a Fakultní nemocnice Brno
Published in: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 72, 2023, č. 3, s. 164-171
Category: Review Article

Overview

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mother cell derived transport units released into the extracellular environment. They are a new pillar of intercellular communication as they carry nucleic acids, proteins, and other signalling molecules, protecting them from degradation in the extracellular environment until fusion of the vesicle with the target cell. The transport mechanism relies on surface structures involved in cell adhesion. It is well known that all cellular organisms are capable of producing EVs. Most human cells have this capability, and EVs can be detected in all body compartments. At the time of their discovery, EVs were considered as useless waste vesicles of marginal interest. Thanks to the newly described transport mechanisms of biologically active molecules, EVs are currently known to participate in a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. In infectious diseases, the most studied area is the modulation of the immune response, where they are seen as potential biomarkers, as their production or the content they carry can be altered under pathological conditions. For microbes, interactions at the pathogen-pathogen and pathogen-host level are at the forefront of attention. EVs also have potential for use as drug delivery systems and novel targets for pharmacotherapy.

Keywords:

infectious diseases – biomarker – extracellular vesicles – pathogen

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Labels
Hygiene and epidemiology Medical virology Clinical microbiology
Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during an 11-month follow-up
The role of endogenous retroviruses in the human body
Mycobacteriosis: the most common causative agents
Increasing prevalence of celiac disease – where to look for answers?
Human babesiosis
Detection of superantigens in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates based on whole genome sequencing data
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among nursing home residents for the elderly in Slovakia
Vzpomínka na RNDr. Václava Rupeše, CSc.
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Epidemiology, Microbiology, Immunology

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2023 Issue 3
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