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News Effect of PCSK9 Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia – Meta-Analysis of 35 Randomized Controlled Trials
The authors from several American institutions examined the efficacy and safety of two proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9i) inhibitors, alirocumab and evolocumab, in their work. They conducted a systematic meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the administration of these two PCSK9i with standard treatment.
News Temporary Interruption of Treatment or Dose Modification of Ibrutinib in CLL Patients
A team from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, USA, published a study this March in the journal Cancer Medicine, focusing on aspects of ibrutinib therapy in real clinical practice. The authors evaluated the impact of dose modification or temporary interruption of the drug administration.
News Can Thyroid Hormone Supplementation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Disorders?
The recent systematic literature review presented below, published by authors from the California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology (CIBNP), focused, among other things, on potential associations between hypothyroidism and dementia and the impact of related therapeutic interventions in terms of improving cognitive functions.
News Relationship between Thyroid Gland Echogenicity and Its Function in Pediatric Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's (chronic lymphocytic) thyroiditis is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism in both adults and pediatric patients in developed countries. The study presented below explored the relationship between thyroid gland (TG) echogenicity observed in ultrasound (US) examinations and its function in patients diagnosed with this condition.
News INTERACTIVE CASE STUDY: Treatment of glaucoma medications without preservatives – current trend
The use of glaucoma medications without preservatives has been a trend in recent years. You can try their clinical application in the role of a prescribing doctor in an interactive case study. Practical information about this popular local treatment is based on the evidence-based medicine foundation, provided by its author MUDr. Petr Výborný, CSc., from the Eye Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Military Hospital in Prague.
News Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and CV Events during Targeted Treatment of Nonspecific Bowel Inflammations
Authors of a freshly published study based on real-world data from the USA investigated whether there are differences in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with nonspecific bowel inflammations (IBD) who were newly prescribed the Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) tofacitinib or the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor.
News ESC 2022: Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction as an Underdiagnosed Problem: How to Increase Its Detection in Everyday Practice?
During this year's European Society of Cardiology Congress (ESC 2022), alarming information was shared, indicating that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle (HFpEF) is likely underdiagnosed in clinical practice, necessitating improved identification and detection of patients with this condition. One of the symposiums addressed not only the reasons why many patients with HFpEF are misdiagnosed.
News Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Associated with Antiresorptive Pharmacotherapy in Oncological Patients
Antiresorptive pharmacotherapy in the form of bisphosphonates and denosumab is associated, according to current knowledge, with the risk of jaw osteonecrosis, especially following dental procedures such as tooth extractions. The aim of the newly published systematic review was therefore to evaluate the incidence of this complication following dental extractions in connection with the administration of antiresorptive medication and to identify risk factors for jaw osteonecrosis in oncological patients.
News Weight-Based Enoxaparin Dosing vs. Standard Dosing in Trauma Patients
Thromboembolic disease is a common comorbidity in adult trauma patients, thus making routine thromboprophylaxis appropriate for these patients, most often in the form of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). Standard thromboprophylaxis dosing regimens, however, are often associated with insufficient anti-Xa activity levels. A recently published clinical study by researchers from New York University focused on comparing the standard thromboprophylaxis regimen of enoxaparin with a weight-based dosing regimen in adult trauma patients.
News Hydrotherapy in the Treatment of Non-Healing Wounds
For the treatment of wounds, it is crucial how they are managed during the cleaning and granulation phases. For most non-healing wounds, so-called Hydrotherapy (treatment with hydroresponsive dressings) is suitable, which involves just two steps. The essence of Hydrotherapy is the maintenance of a moist environment and, if possible, a constant temperature in the wound.
News Oral Azacitidine Prolongs Survival of AML Patients Regardless of Measurable Residual Disease
Intensive chemotherapy for patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often achieves high remission rates, although these remissions are often only temporary. Consolidation therapy with azacitidine (AZA) extends post-remission survival and disease-free intervals.
News How to Reduce the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Users of Combined Hormonal Contraceptives?
The use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is a known risk factor for thromboembolism. Therefore, we should consider the individual risk of each patient before prescribing COCs. Women with a positive personal or family history of thromboembolic events should undergo molecular genetic testing for the presence of thrombophilic mutations.
News Role of Transthyretin in the Development of Amyloidosis
Transthyretin (TTR), one of the transport proteins, tends to form extracellular deposits that accumulate in key organs, such as the heart and nerves. The formation of TTR deposits leads to the development of systemic amyloidosis, a disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Warning signs may include carpal tunnel syndrome, among others. What is the physiological role of TTR in the body and what role does its structure play in the development of amyloidosis?
News Educational Quiz (For Downtime)
The following quiz has been prepared for you as an activity for relaxation and unwinding from today's hectic days. In an easy manner, it will refresh your knowledge about immune cells and may even offer some education or entertainment.
News “Think about the thyroid gland during pregnancy,” reminds awareness campaign
Thyroid disorders can endanger the health of both the fetus and the mother. Sometimes, however, the problem only manifests during pregnancy, and the expectant mother or her doctor might not notice it amidst other ongoing changes. The issue was highlighted by an event called “Thyroid Week,” which took place in the Czech Republic during the last week of May 2020.
News Progress on Lorlatinib – What's Next?
Lorlatinib is currently mainly used in the 2nd and later lines of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ALK gene rearrangement. Clinical research is now focusing on the question of how to proceed with patients who experience disease progression during lorlatinib treatment in later lines of therapy. It seems that one of the options might actually be to do nothing – to continue with lorlatinib.
News How Does Erdosteine Perform in Combination with Antibiotics?
Erdosteine is an oral mucoactive drug that reduces mucus viscosity by degrading disulfide bonds in the mucin polymer. It achieves this effect through a free thiol group in its main active metabolite, N-thiodiglycolyl-homocysteine. In addition to its mucolytic action, erdosteine exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces bacterial adhesion, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of certain antibiotics. We provide a summary of study results demonstrating its effect on enhancing the efficacy of drugs administered in the treatment of respiratory diseases.
News Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
A study aimed at clarifying the mechanism of action of metamizole suggested that the clinically proven effect of this analgesic on colicky pain originating from the biliary tract could be due to agonism on β2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the bile ducts.
News Osimertinib in the Treatment of Patients with NSCLC with Secondary EGFR T790M Mutation – Case Study
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Individualization of therapy based on the presence of specific tumor cell mutations is therefore crucial for choosing the optimal therapy for these patients. One of the targeted treatment options for patients with NSCLC with an activating mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI). We present a case study of a patient with NSCLC treated with osimertinib after disease progression due to a secondary EGFR T790M mutation resulting from afatinib therapy. The described case well illustrates the role of osimertinib in the treatment of NSCLC with secondary EGFR T790M mutation.
News Specific treatment of pulmonary involvement in patients with AAT deficiency − why, how, and for whom?
For patients with emphysema and decreased lung function due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), there is an approved specific treatment which involves the i.v. administration of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) derived from human plasma. This augmentation therapy slows the loss of lung tissue density. Its effects and impact on the frequency and duration of exacerbations, quality of life, lung functions, and patient mortality are less clear.
News Efficacy and Safety of Dual Bronchodilator Therapy for COPD – From Randomized Clinical Trials to Real-World Clinical Practice
Dual bronchodilator therapy (LAMA + LABA) represents one of the mainstays of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the recent systematic review presented below was to assess the efficacy and safety of this dual therapy compared to monotherapy or other combinations in the context of clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.