The health and cost burden of antibiotic resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli bacteraemia in the English hospital setting: A national retrospective cohort study
Autoři:
Nichola R. Naylor aff001; Koen B. Pouwels aff002; Russell Hope aff004; Nathan Green aff005; Katherine L. Henderson aff004; Gwenan M. Knight aff001; Rifat Atun aff001; Julie V. Robotham aff001; Sarah R. Deeny aff007
Působiště autorů:
National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance at Imperial College London, London, England
aff001; Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, England
aff002; Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
aff003; Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Department, Public Health England, London, England
aff004; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, England
aff005; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff006; The Health Foundation, London, England
aff007
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221944
Souhrn
Introduction
Antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health and healthcare systems. Escherichia coli causes more bacteraemia episodes in England than any other bacterial species. This study aimed to estimate the burden of E. coli bacteraemia and associated antibiotic resistance in the secondary care setting.
Materials and methods
This was a retrospective cohort study, with E. coli bacteraemia as the main exposure of interest. Adult hospital in-patients, admitted to acute NHS hospitals between July 2011 and June 2012 were included. English national surveillance and administrative datasets were utilised. Cox proportional hazard, subdistribution hazard and multistate models were constructed to estimate rate of discharge, rate of in-hospital death and excess length of stay, with a unit bed day cost applied to the latter to estimate cost burden from the healthcare system perspective.
Results
14,042 E. coli bacteraemia and 8,919,284 non-infected inpatient observations were included. E. coli bacteraemia was associated with an increased rate of in-hospital death across all models, with an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 5.88 (95% CI: 5.62–6.15). Resistance was not found to be associated with in-hospital mortality once adjusting for patient and hospital covariates. However, resistance was found to be associated with an increased excess length of stay. This was especially true for third generation cephalosporin (1.58 days excess length of stay, 95% CI: 0.84–2.31) and piperacillin/tazobactam resistance (1.23 days (95% CI: 0.50–1.95)). The annual cost of E. coli bacteraemia was estimated to be £14,346,400 (2012 £), with third-generation cephalosporin resistance associated with excess costs per infection of £420 (95% CI: 220–630).
Conclusions
E. coli bacteraemia places a statistically significant burden on patient health and the hospital sector in England. Resistance to front-line antibiotics increases length of stay; increasing the cost burden of such infections in the secondary care setting.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Microbiology – Microbial control – Antimicrobials – Antibiotics – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Bacterial pathogens – Escherichia coli – Organisms – Bacteria – Enterobacteriaceae – Escherichia – Gut bacteria – Population biology – Population metrics – Death rates – Medicine and health sciences – Pharmacology – Antimicrobial resistance – Antibiotic resistance – Drugs – Infectious diseases – Bacterial diseases – Escherichia coli infections – Health care – Health care facilities – Hospitals – Health economics – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Research and analysis methods – Animal studies – Experimental organism systems – Model organisms – Prokaryotic models – Social sciences – Economics
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