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Social participation reduces isolation among Japanese older people in urban area: A 3-year longitudinal study


Autoři: Manami Ejiri aff001;  Hisashi Kawai aff001;  Yoshinori Fujiwara aff001;  Kazushige Ihara aff003;  Yutaka Watanabe aff001;  Hirohiko Hirano aff001;  Hun Kyung Kim aff001;  Kaori Ishii aff004;  Koichiro Oka aff004;  Shuichi Obuchi aff001
Působiště autorů: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan aff001;  Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan aff002;  Faculty of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan aff003;  Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222887

Souhrn

Objectives

Social isolation is a particular problem among older people and social participation may reduce future isolation. However, it is unclear which types of activities and which level of participation are effective. This study examines the relationship between social participation and isolation among Japanese older people by employing a 3-year longitudinal study.

Methods

A mail survey was sent to 3,518 community-dwelling older people in an urban area in 2014 (baseline: BL). We then conducted follow-up mail survey on respondents who were non-isolated at BL in 2017 (follow-up: FL), with isolation being defined as being in contact with others less than once a week. An analysis was carried out on 1,070 subjects (398 men and 672 women). Social participation is defined by participation in group activities (community, senior club, hobbies, sports, volunteering, politics, industry, and religion). A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between the types of social participation and the number of organization types at BL, and isolation at FL.

Results

At FL, 75 men (18.8%) and 59 women (8.8%) were considered to be isolated. Among the men, participation in a hobby group and sports group both significantly reduced the degree of isolation. Moreover, participation in two organizations and three or more organizations significantly lowered the risk of isolation when compared to non-participants. Among women, there were no significant associations among particular types of social activities and isolation. On the other hand, participation in one organization and three or more organizations significantly reduced their isolation when compared to non-participants. There was a significant linear trend between the number of types of organizations and isolation, regardless of gender.

Conclusions

Participation in social activities reduces future isolation in older people. Encouraging participation in social activities could help reduce negative health outcomes associated with social isolation later in life.

Klíčová slova:

Medicine and health sciences – Public and occupational health – Behavioral and social aspects of health – Mental health and psychiatry – Social sciences – Economics – Industrial organization – Finance – Anthropology – Cultural anthropology – Religion – Sociology – Earth sciences – Geography – Geographic areas – Urban areas – Research and analysis methods – Research design – Longitudinal studies – Survey research – Questionnaires


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