Machine learning discovery of longitudinal patterns of depression and suicidal ideation
Autoři:
Jue Gong aff001; Gregory E. Simon aff002; Shan Liu aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
aff001; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
aff002; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222665
Souhrn
Background and aim
Depression is often accompanied by thoughts of self-harm, which are a strong predictor of subsequent suicide attempt and suicide death. Few empirical data are available regarding the temporal correlation between depression symptoms and suicidal ideation. We investigated the anecdotal concern that suicidal ideation may increase during a period of depression improvement.
Data
Longitudinal Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 is a questionnaire of 9 multiple-choice questions to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms within the previous two weeks. We analyzed a chronic depression treatment population’s electronic health record (EHR) data, containing 610 patients’ longitudinal PHQ-9 scores (62% age 45 and older; 68% female) within 40 weeks.
Methods
The irregular and sparse EHR data were transformed into continuous trajectories using Gaussian process regression. We first estimated the correlations between the symptoms (total score of the first 8 questions; PHQ-8) and suicide ideation (9th question score; Item 9) using the cross-correlation function. We then used an artificial neural network (ANN) to discover subtypes of depression patterns from the fitted depression trajectories. In addition, we conducted a separate analysis using the unfitted raw PHQ scores to examine PHQ-8’s and Item 9’s pattern changes.
Results
Results showed that the majority of patients’ PHQ-8 and Item 9 scores displayed strong temporal correlations. We found five patterns in the PHQ-8 and the Item 9 trajectories. We also found 8% - 13% of the patients have experienced an increase in suicidal ideation during the improvement of their PHQ-8. Using a trajectory-based method for subtype pattern detection in depression progression, we provided a better understanding of temporal correlations between depression symptoms over time.
Klíčová slova:
Medicine and health sciences – Mental health and psychiatry – Suicide – Mood disorders – Depression – Self harm – Pharmacology – Drugs – Antidepressants – Computer and information sciences – Artificial intelligence – Artificial neural networks – Biology and life sciences – Computational biology – Neuroscience – Computational neuroscience – Neural networks – Research and analysis methods – Research design – Survey research – Questionnaires
Zdroje
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