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HIV prevalence and risk behavior among male and female adults screened for enrolment into a vaccine preparedness study in Maputo, Mozambique


Autoři: Ivalda Macicame aff001;  Nilesh Bhatt aff001;  Raquel Matavele Chissumba aff001;  Leigh Anne Eller aff002;  Edna Viegas aff001;  Khelvon Araújo aff001;  Chiaka Nwoga aff002;  Qun Li aff002;  Mark Milazzo aff002;  Nancy K. Hills aff004;  Christina Lindan aff004;  Nelson L. Michael aff002;  Merlin L. Robb aff002;  Ilesh Jani aff001;  Christina S. Polyak aff002
Působiště autorů: Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Mozambique aff001;  Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America aff002;  Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America aff003;  University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America aff004
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221682

Souhrn

Introduction

Mozambique continues to have a significant burden of HIV. Developing strategies to control the HIV epidemic remains a key priority for the Mozambican public health community. The primary aim of this study was to determine HIV prevalence and risk behavior among males and females screened for a HIV vaccine preparedness study in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methods

Male and female participants between 18–35 years old were recruited from the general community and from female sex worker (FSW) and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) associations in Maputo. All participants were screened for HIV and a questionnaire was administered to each participant to assess HIV risk behavior.

Results

A total of 1125 adults were screened for HIV infection, among whom 506 (45%) were male. Among men, 5.7% reported having had sex with men (MSM) and 12% of female participants reported having exchanged sex for money, goods or favors in the past 3 months. The overall HIV prevalence was 10.4%; 10.7% of women, and 10.1% of men were HIV infected; 41.4% of MSM were seropositive. HIV infection was associated with older age (25–35 years old) (OR: 6.13, 95% CI: 3.01, 12.5), MSM (OR: 9.07, 95% CI: 3.85, 21.4), self-perception of being at high-risk for HIV (OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.27, 12.5) and self-report of a history of a diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (OR: 3.75, 95% CI: 1.57, 8.98).

Conclusion

In our cohort, HIV prevalence was much higher among MSM compared to the overall prevalence. Behavioral factors were found to be more associated with HIV prevalence than demographic factors. The study findings demonstrate the critical importance of directing services to minority communities, such as MSM, when prevention strategies are being devised for the general population.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Microbiology – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Viral pathogens – Immunodeficiency viruses – HIV – Retroviruses – Lentivirus – Virology – HIV vaccines – Organisms – Viruses – RNA viruses – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Epidemiology – HIV epidemiology – Infectious diseases – Viral diseases – HIV infections – Infectious disease control – Vaccines – Viral vaccines – Sexually transmitted diseases – Syphilis – Bacterial diseases – Treponematoses – Diagnostic medicine – HIV diagnosis and management – Urology – Genitourinary infections – Tropical diseases – Neglected tropical diseases – People and places – Geographical locations – Africa – Mozambique – Population groupings – Sexuality groupings – Men who have sex with men


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