#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Governing Tripolye: Integrative architecture in Tripolye settlements


Autoři: Robert Hofmann aff001;  Johannes Müller aff001;  Liudmyla Shatilo aff001;  Mykhailo Videiko aff003;  René Ohlrau aff001;  Vitalii Rud aff004;  Nataliia Burdo aff004;  Marta Dal Corso aff001;  Stefan Dreibrodt aff002;  Wiebke Kirleis aff001
Působiště autorů: Institute for Pre- and Protohistory, Kiel University, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany aff001;  Collaborative Research Centre 1266: "Scales of Transformation—Human-Environmental Interaction in Prehistoric and Archaic Societies", Kiel University, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany aff002;  Laboratory of Archaeology, Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv, Ukraine aff003;  Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine aff004;  Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222243

Souhrn

Recently, high-resolution magnetometry surveys have led to the discovery of a special category of buildings–so-called ‘mega-structures’–situated in highly visible positions in the public space of Tripolye giant-settlements of the late 5th and first half of the 4th millennium BCE. In this paper we explore what these buildings actually are and how they can contribute to the understanding of the development of social space in Tripolye giant-settlements. For this investigation, we linked newly obtained excavation data from the giant-settlement Maidanetske, Ukraine, with a much larger sample of such buildings from magnetic plans obtained in the region between the Carpathian foothills and the Dnieper River. Accordingly, Tripolye mega-structures represent a particular kind of integrative building documented in many non-ranked ethnographic contexts. Based on our results we are interpreting that these buildings were used for various ritual and non-ritual activities, joint decision-making, and the storage and consumption of surplus. In Tripolye giant-settlements at least three different categories of mega-structures could be identified which most likely represent different levels of socio-political integration and decision-making. The emergence of this hierarchical system of high-level integrative buildings for the whole community and different low-level integrative architectures for certain segments of local communities was related to the rise of Tripolye mega-sites. The presence of different integrative levels most likely reflects the fusion of different previously independent communities in the giant-settlements. Later in the mega-site development, we observe how low-level integrative buildings increasingly lose their importance indicated by shrinking size and, finally, their disappearance. This observation might indicate that the power which was previously distributed across the community was transferred to a central institution. It is argued that the non-acceptance of this concentration of power and the decline of lower decision-making levels might be a crucial factor for the disintegration of Tripolye giant-settlements around 3600 BCE.

Klíčová slova:

Archaeological dating – Archaeology – Ceramics – Decision making – Food consumption – Radioactive carbon dating – Timber – Specimen grinding


Zdroje

1. Menotti F, Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG. The Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlements in Ukraine. Formation, Development and Decline. Oxford: Oxbow Books; 2012.

2. Chapman J, Videiko MY, Hale D, Gaydarska B, Burdo N, Rassmann K, et al. The Second Phase of the Trypillia Mega-Site Methodological Revolution: A New Research Agenda. European Journal of Archaeology. 2014; 17(3):369–406.

3. Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko M. Trypilla Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group; 2016.

4. Uhl RA, Vasilache-Curoşu M, Sîrbu M, Sîrbu L, Bicbaev V, Steiniger D, et al. Petreni in der nördlichen Moldaurepublik Bericht über die Ausgrabungen der Jahre 2011–2013. Eurasia Antiqua. 2014 (2017);20:185–206.

5. Ţerna S, Rassmann K, Vasilache M, Radloff K. Stolniceni I–new research on a Cucuteni-Tripolye large site. In: Zanoci A, Kaiser E, Kashuba M, Izbitser MB, editors. Mensch, Kultur und Gesellschaft von der Kupferzeit bis zur frühen Eisenzeit im nördlichen Eurasien Beiträge zu Ehren zum 60 Geburtstag von Eugen Sava Man, Culture, and Society from the Copper Age until the Early Iron Age in Northern Eurasia Contributions in Honour of the 60th Anniversary of Eugen Sava. Tyragetia International. 1. Chişinău: National Museum of History of Moldova and Freie Universität Berlin; 2016. p. 41–52.

6. Hofmann R, Shatilo M, Ohlrau R, Dal Corso M, Dreibrodt S, Videiko M, et al. Tripolye–Strategy and Results of an ongoing Ukrainian-European Project. Vita Antiqua. 2018;10:146–54.

7. Rassmann K, Ohlrau R, Hofmann R, Carsten Mischka, Burdo N, Videjko MY, et al. High precision Tripolye settlement plans, demographic estimations and settlement organization. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. 2014;16:63–95.

8. Ohlrau R. Trypillia Großsiedlungen—Geomagnetische Prospektion und architektursoziologische Perspektiven. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. 2015:17–99. Epub 2015-07-09. doi: 10.12766/jna.v17i0.116

9. Chapman J, Gaydarska B, Hale D. Nebelivka: Assembly Houses, Ditches, and Social Structure. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London, New York: Routledge; 2016. p. 117–31.

10. Müller J, Hofmann R, Ohlrau R. From Domestic Households to Mega-Structures: Proto-Urbanism? In: Müller J, Knut R, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London, New York: Routledge; 2016. p. 253–68.

11. Chapman J. The Standard Model, the Maximalists and the Minimalists: New Interpretations of Trypillia Mega-Sites. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017;30(3):221–37. doi: 10.1007/s10963-017-9106-7

12. Müller J, Hofmann R, Ohlrau R, Shatilo L. The social constitution and political organsiation of Tripolye mega-sites: hierarchy and balance. In: Meller H, Gronenborn D, Risch R, editors. Überschuss ohne Staat–Politische Formen in der Vorgeschichte Surplus without the State–Political Forms in Prehistory 10 Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 19 bis zum 21 Oktober 2017 in Halle (Saale) 10th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany October 19–21, 2017 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landesmuseums für Vorgschichte Halle. 18. Halle (Saale): Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen Anhalt–Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte Halle (Saale); 2018. p. 247–60.

13. Diachenko A, Menotti F. Proto-Cities or Non-Proto-Cities? On the Nature of Cucuteni–Trypillia Mega-Sites. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017;30(3):207–19. doi: 10.1007/s10963-017-9105-8

14. Kruts V. Giant-settlements of Tripolye culture. In: Menotti F, Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, editors. The Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlements in Ukraine Formation, Development and Decline. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books; 2012. p. 70–8.

15. Johnson GA. Organizational Structure and Scalar Stress. In: Renfrew C, Rowlands MJ, Segraves B, editors. Theory and Explanation in Archaeology: the Southampton Conference. New York1982. p. 389–421.

16. Bandy MS. Fissioning, Scalar Stress, and Social Evolutionn in Early Village Societies. American Anthropologist. 2004;106(2):322–33.

17. Sahlins MD. Stone age economy. London, Tavistock1974.

18. Feinman GM. The Emergence of Social Complexity. Why More than Population Size Matters. In: Carballo DM, editor. Cooperation and collective action: archaeological perspectives. Boulder: Univeersity Press of Colorado; 2013. p. 36–56.

19. Feinman GM. DDual-Processual Theory and Social Formations in the Southwest. In: Mills BJ, editor. Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest. Tucson: University of Arizona Press; 2000. p. 207–24.

20. Zimmermann A. Cultural Cycles in Central Europe during the Holocene. Quaternary International. 2012;274:251–8.

21. Roscoe P. Before Elites: The Political Capacities of Big Men. In: Kienlin TL, Zimmermann A, editors. Beyond Elites Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie 215. Bonn: Habelt; 2012. p. 41–54.

22. Amborn H. Recht als Hort der Anarchie. Berlin: Matthes&Seitz; 2016.

23. Diachenko A. Small is Beautiful: A Democratic Perspective? In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypilla Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London and New York: RoutledgeTaylor & Francis Group; 2016. p. 169–280.

24. Müller J, Pollock S. Trypillia and Uruk. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko M, editors. Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group 2016. p. 281–7.

25. Müller J, Hofmann R, Brandtstätter L, Ohlrau R, Videiko MY. Chronology and Demography: How Many People Lived in a Mega-Site? In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology 2. Leeds: Maney Publishing; 2016. p. 133–70.

26. Adler MA. Ritual Facilities and Social integration in Nonranked Societies. The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos. Cortez (Colorado): Crow Canyon Archaeological Center; 1989. p. 35–52.

27. Adler MA, Wilshusen RH. Large-scale integrative facilities in tribal societies: cross-cultural and southwestern US examples. World Archaeology. 1990;22(2):133–46.

28. Adler MA. Buildung Consensus: Tribes, Architecture, and Typology in the American Southwest. In: Parkinson WA, editor. The Archaeology of Tribal Societies. Archaeological Series. 15. Ann Arbor, Michigan: International Monographs in Prehistory; 2002. p. 155–72.

29. Шмаглий НМ, Видейко МЮ. Святилища и культовые места на крупных трипольских поселениях. Религиозные представления в первобытном обществе. Религиозные представления в первобытном обществе; Москва1987. p. 169–71.

30. Chapman J, Videiko MY, Gaydarska B, Burdo N, Hale D. Architectural diferentiation on a Trypillia mega-site: preliminary report on the excavation of a mega-structure at Nebelivka, Ukraine. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. 2014;16:135–56. doi: 10.12766/jna.2014.4

31. Burdo N, Videiko MY. Nebelivka: From Magnetic Prospection to New Features of Mega-Sites. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London/New York Maney Publishing; 2016. p. 95–116.

32. Nebbia M, Gaydarska B, Millard A, Chapman J. The making of chalcolithic assembly places: Trypillia megasites as materialized consensus among equal strangers? World Archaeology. 2018:1–21. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2018.1474133

33. Видейко М, Чапмен Д, Гейдарская Б, Бурдо Н, Овчинников Э, Пашкевич Г, et al. Исследования мегаструктуры на поселении трипольской культуры у с. Небелевка в 2012 году. Tyragetia. 2013;1 (Serie nouă):97–124.

34. Ohlrau R. Maidanets'ke: Development and Decline of a Trypillia "Mega-site" in Central Ukraine. Leiden: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; 2019 [forthcoming].

35. Шмаглий НМ, Видейко ЮМ. Майданецкое—трипольский протогород. Киев2005.

36. Müller J, Videiko M. Maidanetske: New Facts of a Mega-Site. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko M, editors. Trypilla Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology 2. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group; 2016. p. 71–93.

37. Müller J, Hofmann R, Kirleis W, Dreibrodt S, Ohlrau R, Brandtstätter L, et al. Maidanetske 2013. New excavations at a Trypillia mega-site. Майданецьке 2013. Нові Розкопки Великого Трипільського Поселення [English & Ukrainian language]. Müller J, Czebreszuk J, Kadrow S, editors. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH; 2017. 174 p.

38. Ursu C-E, Ţerna S. Tracing the megastructures back in time: an exceptional building from the settlement Baia-În Muchie, Suceava county, Romania. In: Videiko MY, Chapman J, Kozir A, Sobchuk V, editors. At the Eastern frontiers of Old Europe/На східній межі старої Європи Матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції, Кіровоград, Небелівка 12–14 травня 2015. Kirovograd2015. p. 12–4.

39. Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, Chabanyuk VV, Pichkur EV, Shatilo LO. Черкаська область. Роботи Трипільської експедиції. Археологічні дослідження в Україні [Archaeological Research in Ukraine] 2015:221–2.

40. Hofmann R, Ţerna S, Ursu C-E, Brandtstätter L, Tiede H, Mainusch W, et al. Spatial organization and population size of small Cucuteni-Tripolye settlements: Results of geomagnetic surveys in Baia and Adâncata, Suceava County, Bucovina, Eastern Romania. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. 2016;18:157–89 https://doi.org/10.12766/jna.2016.4.

41. Rud V, Hofmann R, Kosakivskyi V, Zaitseva O, Müller J. Trypillia mega-sites west of Southern Bug River: Preliminary results of Bilyi Kamin site investigation in 2018. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 2019 (accepted in press).

42. Chapman J, Gaydarska B, Nebbia M, Millard A, Albert B, Hale D, et al. GEOINFORM Ukrainii (2018) Trypillia mega-sites of the Ukraine [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] https://doi.org/10.5284/1047599. 2018.

43. Rassmann K, Mertl P, Voss H-U, Bicbaiev V, Popa A, Musteaţă S. Copper Age Settlements in Moldova: Insights into a Complex Phenomenon from Recent Geomagnetic Surveys. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. London, New York: Routledge; 2016. p. 55–70.

44. Рудь В, Улрау Р, Федоров С, Зайцева О. Дослідження на поселеннях Трипільської культури Тростянчик та Війтівка. Археологічні дослідження в Україні 2016. 2018:11–4.

45. Dal Corso M, Hamer W, Hofmann R, Ohlrau R, Shatilo LA, Knitter D, et al. Modelling Landscape Transformation at the Chalcolithic Tripolye Mega-site of Maidanetske (Ukraine): Wood Demand and Availability. The Holocene. 2019 (accepted);29.

46. Pickartz N, Hofmann R, Dreibrodt S, Rassmann K, Shatilo L, Ohlrau R, et al. Deciphering Archaeological Contexts from the Magnetic Map: Quantification of Daub Distribution and Masses of Chalcolithic House Remains. Holocen. accepted (2019);29.

47. Kirleis W, Dal Corso M. Trypillian Subsistence Economy: Animal and Plant Exploitation. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko M, editors. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. New York: Routledge; 2016. p. 195–205.

48. Porčić M. An exercise in archaeological demography: estimating the population size of Late Neolithic settlements in the Central Balkans. Documenta Praehistorica. 2011;38:323–32.

49. Bronk Ramsey C. Methods for Summarizing Radiocarbon Datasets. Radiocarbon. 2017;59(2):1809–33.

50. Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, et al. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon. 2013;55(4):1869–87.

51. Пассек ТС. Периодизация трипольских поселений. Москва, Ленинград1949.

52. Harper TK. The effect of climatic variability on population dynamics of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex and the rise of the Western Tripolye giant-settlements. Chronika. 2013;3:28–46.

53. Chernovol D. Houses of the Tomashovskaya Local Group. In: Menotti F, Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, editors. The Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlements in Ukraine Formation, Development and Decline. Oxford and Oakville2012. p. 183–209.

54. Anderson PC, M’hamdi M. Harvesting of the wild grass alfa (Stipa tenacissima L.) by pulling in the high Tunisian steppe: an unusual method. In: A. vG, J.C. W, Anderson PC, editors. Exploring and Explaining Diversity in Agricultural Technology, early Agricultural Remnants and Technical Heritage (EARTH): 8,000 Years of Resilience and Innovation. 2. Oxford: Oxbow Books 2014. p. 93–7.

55. Dannath Y, Heske I, Kirleis W. Ein weiter Blick in die Landschaft. Entdeckungen an einem Standort der Stichbandkeramik. Archäologie in Niedersachsen 22. 2019;22:50–4.

56. Korber-Grohne U. Federgras-Grannen (Stipa Pennata L. s. str.) als Vorrat in einer mittelneolithischen Grube in Schoningen, Landkreis Helmstedt Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt. 1987;17(4):463–6.

57. Rivera Núñez D, Matilla Séiquer G, Obón C, Alcaraz Ariza F. Plants and Humans in the Near East and the Caucasus: Ancient and Traditional Uses of Plants as Food and Medicine, a Diachronic Ethnobotanical. Vol. 2: The Plants: Angiosperms. Murcia2012.

58. Корвин-Пиотровский АГ. «Мегаструктуры» на поселениях гигантах Трипольской Культуры: Варианты интерпретаций. In: Відейко МЮ, Чапман Д, А. КІ, Собчук ВВ, editors. На східній межі Старої Європи Матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції, Кірово-град, Небелівка, 12–14 травня 2015 року. Кіровоград2015. p. 19–20.

59. Burdo N. Interior of the Nebelivka Temple. In: Dumitroaia G, Preoteasa C, Ciprian-Dorin N, editors. Cucuteni Culture within the European Neo-Eneolithic Context: International Colloquium Cucuteni– 130: abstracts: Piatra-Neamţ, 15–17 octombrie 2014. Piatra-Neamţ: Editura "Constantin Matasă"; 2014. p. 79–82.

60. Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, Pichkur EV, Chabanyuk VV, Shatilo LO. Roboti Tripіl's'koї ekspedicії. Роботи Трипільської експедиції. [Archeological Research in Ukraine]. 2016; 2015:201–2.

61. Ţerna S. Geomagnetic surveys of the Neolithic and the Copper Age sites from the Republic of Moldova (1968–2016): main results, current state and future perspectives. Raport. 2016;11:187–225.

62. Rassmann K, Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, Videiko MY, Müller J. The new Challenge for Site Plans and Geophysics: Revealing the Settlement Structure of Giant Settlements by Means of Geomagnetic Survey. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko M, editors. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group; 2016. p. 29–54.

63. Uhl RA. Living among the dead–settlement structures in the north-western Pontic region in the 4th millenium BC. Journal of Landscape Ecology. 2017;10(3):25–36.

64. Dietler M. Feasts and commensal politics in the political economy. Food, Power and Status in Prehistoric Europe. In: Wiessner P, Schiefenhövel W, editors. Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Oxford: Berghahn Publishers; 1996. p. 87–125.

65. Smith ME. The archaeological study of neighborhoods and districts in ancient cities. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 2010;29:137–54.

66. Johnson GA. Organizational structure and scalar stress. In: Renfrew R, Rowlands M, Segraves BA, editors. Theory and explanation in archaeology: the Southampton conference. London: Academic Press; 1982. p. 389–421.

67. Johnson GA. Decision-Making Organization and Pastoral Nomad Camp Size. Human Ecology. 1983;11:175–99.

68. Ohlrau R, Dal Corso M, Kirleis W, Müller J. Living on the Edge? Carrying Capacities of Trypillian Settlements in the Buh-Dnipro lnterfluve. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London, New York: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group; 2016. p. 207–20.

69. Harper TK. Sustaining Talianki: a Model of Eneolithic subsistence economics at a giantsettlement of the Western Tripolye Culture, Ukraine. Unpublished M.A. thesis [Master]. Buffalo: State University of New York at Buffalo; 2012.

70. Harper TK. Climate, migration, and false cities on the Old European periphery: a spatial-demographic approach to understanding the Tripolye giant-settlements [PhD]. Buffalo: University at Buffalo, State University of New York; 2016.

71. Rascovan N, Sjögren K-G, Kristiansen K, Nielsen R, Willerslev E, Desnues C, et al. Emergence and Spread of Basal Lineages of Yersinia pestis during the Neolithic Decline. Cell. 2019;176:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.016

72. Korvin-Piotrovskiy AG, Hofmann R, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, Brandtstätter L. Pottery Kilns in Trypillian settlements. Tracing the division of labour and the social organisation of Copper Age communities. In: Müller J, Rassmann K, Videiko MY, editors. Tripillia: Megasites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. Themes in Contemporary Archaeology. 2. London/New York2016. p. 221–52.

73. Гусєв СО. Трипільська культура Середнього Побужжя рубежу IV-III тис. до н.е. Вінниця: Антек УЛТД; 1995.


Článek vyšel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 9
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

KOST
Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Svět praktické medicíny 5/2023 (znalostní test z časopisu)

Imunopatologie? … a co my s tím???
Autoři: doc. MUDr. Helena Lahoda Brodská, Ph.D.

Všechny kurzy
Kurzy Podcasty Doporučená témata Časopisy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#